Coffee is mainly grown in the hilly regions of the southern states of India. Coffee is used primarily as a beverage. In many places in India, it is also called Kahwa. It is a substance used in many types of food and drink. Coffee is beneficial for the body by consuming a proper amount of coffee; on the contrary, consuming more of it harms the body. Due to the excellent quality of Indian coffee, it is considered to be the best coffee in the world. Moreover, coffee is best for many health issues. It is grown in the shade in India as compared to other countries.
Growing Coffee
From the point of view of coffee production, India has been included in the leading 6 countries of the world. Coffee plants, once planted, yield for years. For coffee cultivation, a temperate climate is suitable.
Growing coffee in a sunny location significantly impacts both the quality and production of coffee. While the quality and yield of coffee grown in a shady place are reasonable, it does not require much rain for cultivation. Also, the winter season is harmful to its cultivation.
Suitable Soil
Coffee cultivation requires loamy soil containing organic matter, which is also grown in soil containing lava from volcanic eruptions. The P.H. of the land in its cultivation. For its fertility coffee can be grown in grown easy soil. The pH level should be between 6 and 6.5.
Climate & Temperature
Less dry and wet weather is considered very good for coffee cultivation. A shady place is considered very suitable for the cultivation of coffee. This makes its quality very good. 150 to 200 cm of rainfall is sufficient for coffee cultivation. Excess rain affects its yield, and the winter season is also unsuitable for its crop. The growth of its plants stops during the winter season.
Temperature is also critical in the cultivation of coffee. A temperature of 18 to 20 degrees is considered suitable for the growth of its plants. Still, it can tolerate a maximum of 30 degrees in the summer season and a minimum of 15 degrees in the winter season. Due to significant temperature changes, plant growth and yield are affected.
Coffee Farm
Coffee cultivation is mainly done in hilly areas. First, plough the field, then leave it like this for a few days. After that, make the soil friable by running the rotavator in the area. Then, get the tractor running by putting a foot in it so the field will be level. After the domain is levelled, make rows at a distance of four to five metres, and prepare pits at a distance of four to four metres for planting plants in each row.
When the pits are ready, mix enough organic and chemical fertilisers in the soil and put them in the hole. After filling all the cavities, rinse them well. So that the ground of the pits settles appropriately, the pits are covered with pilaf and the pits are prepared one month before planting the plants.
Preparing Plants
Coffee takes time and effort to grow plants from seed, which its plants are ready with the help of a pen. For this, pressure, goofy and grafting methods are used. Apart from this, if farmers want, they can buy their plants from any nursery. While purchasing the plants from the nursery, ensure that the plant is one to one and a half years old and completely healthy. Tractors are used in preparing plants and for that robust tractor is needed as BKT Tractor Tyre are helpful in making tractor function smooth and efficient.
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Time of Transplanting
Make a small pit in the middle of the holes prepared in the field. After that, take out the plants from the polythene, plant them in these small pits, put soil around them, and press them well. In this, shade is needed for the tremendous growth of plants. For colouring, plant a shady tree in each line.
The best time to plant the plants in the field should be at the end of the fall season and the beginning of the summer season. For this, plants should be planted in February and March, and coffee plants take more than three to four years to produce.
Irrigation
Coffee plant irrigation should be done immediately after sowing the plants in the farm. In the winter season, its plants require less irrigation. During this season, the plants should be watered for 10 to 15 days, and if the weather is rainy, moisten the plants as needed. Its plants need more water in the summer season, so in the summer season, they should be watered once a week.
Fertiliser
Coffee plants require more fertiliser, so organic fertilisers are used more in their cultivation. While preparing the pits, 25 kg old cow dung should be given to each plant. Apart from this, 100 grams of N.P.K. per plant with chemical fertilisers rich in iron as chemical fertilisers. Quantity should be given. The amount of fertiliser should be increased along with the plant’s growth. The yield decreases when the plant is fully developed due to the lack of a proper amount of fertiliser.
Diseases of Coffee Plants
Insect disease is seen on coffee plants, and cobra snakes also affect its yield. Minor insect diseases are seen on its plants. To prevent this, spraying neem oil or neem decoction on the plants is necessary.
Harvesting
its ready to pluck after 5 to 6 months of flowering. Initially, its fruits are green in colour. Then, which gradually changes its colour. When fully ripe, the fruits become red. In most places of the country, it is harvested between October and January. Whereas in the Nilgiri hills, harvesting is done in June.
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